The Bible and Interpretation

Taking 1 Enoch Seriously

By Philip F. Esler

1 Enoch has been described as the most important work of ancient Jewish apocalyptic literature not included in the Hebrew Bible. This is a persuasive view, although why the work was omitted remains a very difficult question to answer. Certainly its original composition in Aramaic should have presented no obstacle, given that Daniel 2:4-7:28 and parts of Ezra were written in that language. My aim in this article is to substantiate the claim for the importance of 1 Enoch—historically, See complete essay

New Archaeological Data from The Great Revolt in Jerusalem Raise New Questions on Josephus

By David Gurevich

At the end of March 2018, Dr. Eilat Mazar of the Hebrew University announced the discovery of dozens of bronze coins of the First Jewish Revolt (66 –70 CE) in her Ophel excavations in Jerusalem. Coins of the rebels’ mint are not an unusual finding in Jerusalem. However, a few factors contribute to the interest in her recent discovery. See complete essay

The Anti-Jewish Jesus: Socio-Rhetorical Criticism as Apologetics

By Hector Avalos

In 1998, Howard Clark Kee, a widely respected New Testament scholar, and Irvin J. Borowsky, founder of the American Interfaith Institute, edited a volume titled, Removing the Anti-Judaism from the New Testament. The book was prompted by the belief that anti-Jewish statements in the New Testament or by later Christian interpreters have led to violence against Jews See complete essay